Authors |
Design |
Sample size (women), N |
Inclusion criteria |
Exclusion criteria |
Jadad scale |
LE |
RD a |
BD b |
WD c |
FS |
Chaibi et al. (2017)17 |
RCT |
12 (8) |
Age between 18 and 70 years. Diagnosis of CH with at least 3 main CHISG criteria |
Presence of contraindications for the application of spinal manipulative techniques, pregnancy, depression, and/or radiculopathy. History of treatment with spinal manipulative techniques in the previous month |
2 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
I |
Christian et al. (2017)20 |
RCT |
23 (11) |
Age between 25 and 35 years. Diagnosis of CH according to International Headache Society criteria. Positive Flexion-Rotation test results. Reduced cervical range of motion |
Presence of dizziness and/or symptoms of visual disturbances, primary headaches, congenital disturbances, inflammatory and/or infectious disturbances in the cervical spine, vertebra-basilar insufficiency, and/or cervical hypermobility. Consumption of steroids and/or analgesics |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
I |
Dunning et al. (2016)18 |
MRCT |
110 (74) |
Age between 18 and 65 years. Diagnosis of CH according to Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group criteria. At least seminal frequency of CH for at least 3 months. Minimum pain intensity of 2 points on the Numerical Rating Scale. Score of at least 10 points on the Neck Disability Index |
Presence of primary headaches, bilateral headaches, and/or neurological signs. Diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis. History of whiplash in the previous 6 weeks, cranio-cervical surgery, and/or physiotherapy treatment in the previous 3 months |
2 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
II |
Fereira and Satralkar (2017)26 |
RCT |
30 (not described) |
Age between 20 and 65 years. Diagnosis of CH. Presence of myofascial trigger points in upper trapezius. Occipital nerve neurodynamic test with positive findings. Positive Flexion-Rotation Test results (reduction of more than 30°). Drug use |
Diagnosis of disc pathology, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and/or primary muscle diseases. Presence of primary headaches, migraine and/or tension-type headaches, and/or infectious conditions causing headache. History of tumor and/or cervical surgery |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
I |
Haas et al. (2018)16 |
RCT |
256 (182) |
Age older than 18 years. Diagnosis of CH according to diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. Minimum average pain intensity of 3 points on the Visual Analog Scale. Presence of restricted cervical movement |
Presence of contraindications for the application of spinal manipulative techniques and/or pregnancy. History of treatment with physiotherapy in the previous 3 months or with drugs in the previous month, brain or spine surgery, cancer, spinal pathology, inflammatory arthropathy, anticoagulant conditions, autoimmune disorders, and/or neurodegenerative diseases |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
I |
Jafari et al. (2017)23 |
RCT |
19 (not described) |
Diagnosis of CH according to the International Headache Society. Presence of myofascial trigger points in sternocleidomastoid |
Presence of other types of headaches, more than 1 active myofascial trigger point in the sternocleidomastoid, rheumatic diseases, phasic, and/or psychiatric limitations. History of treatment with physiotherapy during the previous year and/or neck or shoulder surgery |
1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
I |
Malo-Urriés et al. (2017)27 |
RCT |
82 (62) |
Age older than 18 years. Diagnosis of CH according to the CHISG |
History of treatment of CH during the previous month. Presence of neurological signs and/or contraindications for manual therapy |
2 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
I |
Mohamed et al. (2019)21 |
ENCS |
48 (20) |
Presence of headaches for at least 3 months, unilateral neck pain and stiffness, limited range of motion of more than 10 degrees in the Flexion-Rotation Test, and dizziness caused by headaches and/or cervical extension |
Presence of primary headaches, congenital spinal conditions, herniated discs, and/or fractures; contraindications for mobilization techniques; vertebra-basilar insufficiency; and/or vestibular dysfunction |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
II |
Park et al. (2017)24 |
RCT |
30 (9) |
Diagnosis of CH according to International Headache Society criteria. Presence of CH for a minimum of 4 months and a maximum of 2 years |
Not described |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
I |
Patra et al. (2018)22 |
ENCS |
114 (77) |
Age between 20 and 50 years. Diagnosis of CH according to the main International Headache Society criteria |
History of surgery and/or cervical trauma, vertebral neoplasm. Presence of congenital spinal deformity, cervical radiculopathy, dizziness, vertebra-basilar insufficiency, bone infection, fracture. Consumption of anti-inflammatory or muscle relaxants |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
II |
Svedmark et al. (2016)29 |
RCT |
120 (120) |
Presence of cervico-brachial pain for at least 6 weeks. Neck Disability Index score between 10 and 68. Impairment of work productivity owing to pain |
History of trauma, cancer, surgery, and/or spinal fracture. Diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy, vestibular dysfunction, type I diabetes, rheumatic disease, anxiety, depression. Presence of concurrent low back pain, temporomandibular disorders, severely restricted range of motion and/or cervical flexion, catastrophic thoughts, low expectations for physical therapy treatment |
2 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
I |
Veena et al. (2018)18 |
RCT |
30 (24) |
Diagnosis of CH |
Not described |
2 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
I |
Vernon et al. (2015)28 |
RCT |
34 (32) |
Diagnosis of CH according to the International Headache Society. Presence of suboccipital tenderness and cervical dysfunction. Frequency of headaches of at least 6 times a month (and at least once a week) |
Diagnosis of primary headache. Presence of contraindications to manual therapy |
2 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
I |
Yang and Da (2017)25 |
RCT |
30 (23) |
Diagnosis of CH according to CHISG |
Not described |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
I |