Design, Sizing, and Ergonomics of Infant Pacifiers

Abstract and Introduction

Abstract

With the filing of a class action lawsuit claiming NUK Orthodontic Pacifiers harm oral development in children older than 24 months, it is now more important than ever to assure that recommendations for pacifier use are based in science. Often overlooked is the importance of proper size selection and design characteristics of the bulb and shield of the pacifier itself. Pacifier companies are now being asked for validation of the packaging claims made to the consumer in an age where quantifiable biometric parameters can be analyzed with technologies that are readily available. The use of a free smart phone application (app) currently in development can guide parents when selecting the right size pacifier for their baby. This article reviews the science behind pacifier use, ergonomics, facial anthropometrics, physical parameters of the infant, and the use of biometrics in pacifier selection. It enforces the importance for all stakeholders to understand how the development of the face and jaws are affected by non-nutritive sucking with a pacifier.

Introduction

A review of studies on pacifier use indicates that 58% to 85% of infants use pacifiers (Holman et al., 2018). No matter the brand, whether an orthodontic or conventional design, whatever the size, and even why parents decide to give a pacifier to their baby in the first place, these decisions are all important to the health of the child.

Pacifiers are known to cause orthodontic and myofunctional problems in infants and toddlers. The duration, frequency, and intensity of a non-nutritive sucking habit can combine with ergonomic and other human factors to create harmful effects on the oral environment during the early phases of facial development.

Parents often look to pediatric nurses for guidance about pacifiers. Nurses and other health care professionals with knowledge of the science behind pacifier use, ergonomics, facial anthropometrics, physical parameters of the infant, and the use of biometrics in pacifier selection can help assure that recommendations regarding pacifiers are baby healthy.