Combination Lipid-lowering Therapy as First-line Strategy in Very High-risk Patients

Authors and Disclosures

Kausik K. Ray¹*, Laurens F. Reeskamp², Ulrich Laufs³, Maciej Banach⁴, François Mach⁵, Lale S. Tokgözoğlu⁶, Derek L. Connolly⁷, Anja J. Gerrits⁸, Erik S. G. Stroes², Luis Masana⁹ and John J. P. Kastelein<sup>2

1</sup>Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK; ²Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands; ³Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany; ⁴Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz 90–549, Poland; ⁵Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; ⁶Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey; ⁷Department of Cardiology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; ⁸MEDCON International, Adriaan Pauwlaan 29, Heemstede 2101 AJ, the Netherlands; and ⁹Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV CIBERDEM, Reus 43201, Spain

*Corresponding author
Tel: +44 20 7594 0716, Email: k.ray@imperial.ac.uk

Conflict of interest
K.K.R. receives support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre; his institution (Imperial College London) receives support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London. K.K.R. reports receiving lecture fees from Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Kowa, Cipla, Algorithm, and Zuelling Pharma, grant support, paid to his institution, lecture fees, and advisory board fees from Amgen, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals/Sanofi, and Pfizer, lecture fees and fees for serving on steering committees for trials from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly, fees for serving on steering committees for trials from Cerenis Therapeutics, the Medicines Company, and Esperion, advisory board fees from Akcea Therapeutics, Novartis, Silence Therapeutics, Bayer, and Daiichi Sankyo, lecture fees and advisory board fees from Takeda, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Dr Reddy's Laboratories, grant support and advisory board fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme, fees for serving on a clinical events adjudication committee from AbbVie, and fees for serving as principal investigator for a trial from Resverlogix. L.F.R. is a cofounder of Lipid Tools B.V. U.L. receives honoraria for lectures from Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, and Sanofi. M.B. is a speakers bureau: Amgen, Daichii Sankyo, Esperion, Herbapol, KRKA, MSD, Mylan/Viatris, Novartis, Novo-Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Teva, and Zentiva; a consultant to Amgen, Daichii Sankyo, Esperion, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva; and grants from Amgen, Mylan/Viatris, Sanofi, and Valeant. F.M. reports no conflict of interest to declare. L.S.T. is a company consultant for Abbott, Amgen, Bayer, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, and Sanofi and a company speaker honorarium from Abbott, Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Servier, Pfizer, and Recordati Abdi-İbrahim and reports trial participation in Amgen. D.L.C. receives lecturing/adboard fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squib, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Servier. A.J.G. reports no conflict of interest. E.S.G.S. reports that lecturing/adboard fees have been paid to the institution by Amgen, Sanofi, Novartis, Akcea, Esperion, and NovoNordisk and additional funding by European Union and Dutch Heart Foundation. L.M. receives fees for lectures or advisory work from Amarin, Amgen, Amryt, Daiichi-sankio, Mylan, Novbartis. Sanofi, and Servier. J.J.P.K. reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, CiVi Biopharma, CSL Behring, Draupnir, Esperion, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Matinas Biopharma, North Sea Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Regeneron, RegenXBio, SirnaOmics, Staten Biotech, 89 Bio, and Omeicos and reports part-time employment at NewAmsterdam Pharma.