This transcript has been edited for clarity.
Michael Saag, MD: Hello. I'm Dr Michael Saag, and welcome to Medscape InDiscussion: HIV. Today we're talking about antiretroviral therapy, maintenance, and switching. I picked this topic because new advances in the use of antiretroviral therapy are emerging every year, and it's always good to pause and take a snapshot of where things stand today. Let's start with a case. A 23-year-old man who has sex with men just tested positive for HIV. He had been on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF)–emtricitabine (FTC) intermittently for the last 18 months, but had run out of medicine 8 weeks ago. When he went back to reinitiate PrEP, he was tested for HIV and his test was positive. His initial viral load was 345,000 and his CD4 count is 560 cells/μL. Today's guest is Dr Constance Benson, an internationally known researcher and clinician from the University of California San Diego. She is known for her pioneering work in the treatment of tuberculosis but is also known for her leadership at the AIDS Clinical Trials Groupfor many years during the heart of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) revolution in treatment. Welcome, Connie.