Not everyone experiences the same effects from influenza. Adults aged 65 years or older suffer the most severe health effects, accounting for approximately 90% of influenza-related deaths and 50%–70% of hospitalizations. They also have an increased likelihood of suffering long-term sequelae, including persistent loss of function and disability.
Prepare yourself for the upcoming flu season with these five things to know about influenza in older patients.
1. Advanced age and chronic conditions expose seniors to different risks.
Seniors commonly have chronic medical conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, or respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, which contribute to an increased risk for complications. In addition, age-related dysfunctions of the immune system contribute to disease severity and poorer response to standard vaccines. Frailty is a significant indicator of increased risk for poor outcomes and should be taken into consideration in management.
There are direct and indirect effects from influenza. Direct effects of influenza include exacerbations of existing conditions, as well as additional problems, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Indirect effects include triggering cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. Influenza can also exacerbate renal disorders, heart failure, and diabetes and trigger delirium that may lead to functional decline, falls, and fractures.
